Soul of Chemistry

Notes on Chemical Bonding Chemical bonding is a fundamental concept in chemistry that explains how atoms combine to form molecules and compounds. There are several types of chemical bonds, each with its own characteristics and properties. > Types of Chemical Bonds: Ionic Bonds: An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond that forms between two atoms with significantly different electronegativities. It is formed considerably between metals and nonmetals. Such bonds are formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to the other. Examples: Common examples of compounds held together by ionic bonds include sodium chloride (table salt), potassium chloride (used in some salt substitutes), calcium carbonate (found in chalk and shells), and magnesium oxide. The figure below explains how sodium ion looses one electron which is accepted by chlorine atom. Thus sodium becomes a cation and chlorine becomes an anion. An electrostatic force of attraction between these two

 Notes on Generic Elective Physics - II Atomic and Nuclear Physics Inadequacy of classical physics: Classical physics, also called Newtonian physics, is a scientific framework that was developed to describe the motion of objects on macroscopic scales. It is highly successful in explaining and predicting the behavior of everyday objects, such as the motion of planets, the behavior of fluids, and the mechanics of solid objects. However, classical physics has certain limitations and fails to adequately describe certain phenomena observed in the natural world. Here are a few areas where classical physics is inadequate: 1.Quantum Mechanics: Classical physics cannot explain the behavior of particles on the atomic and subatomic scale. Quantum mechanics, a branch of physics developed in the early 20th century, provides a more accurate description of the behavior of particles at these scales. Quantum mechanics introduces concepts such as wave-particle duality, superposition, and uncer

Chemistry for common man- Fundamentals of Chemical Science What is Chemistry:    Chemistry is the scientific regulation that studies the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter. It deals with the behavior of atoms and molecules, the changes they undergo during chemical reactions, and how these reactions can be used to create new substances or understand natural phenomena.       Chemistry is a important scientific parts that forms the foundation for understanding the composition, properties, and transformations of matter. Within  higher education, many universities and colleges offer chemistry  to students from various academic backgrounds. These article provide a comprehensive overview of key chemical concepts and principles, equipping students with a solid understanding of the fundamental aspects of chemistry. This article aims to provide a detailed overview of a chemistry, including its objectives, curriculum, and potential career benefits. Objectives of a Chemist