Soul of Chemistry

How to calculate the change in oxidation number in a redox reaction? Following are the steps to follow when you calculate change in oxidation number in a redox reaction. Once you practice two to three times than that becomes super easy to calculate the change in O.N. Take an example of the following reaction (First and easy method). H 2 S + Br 2  -----> HBr + S Step 1: Write the equation in the ionic form and do not balance it. H + +S 2- + Br 2  -----> H + +Br - +S Step 2: Ignore common ions on both side S 2- + Br 2  -----> Br - + S Step 3: Write the O.N of elements at the top now S 2- + Br 2 0  -----> Br - + S 0 Step 4: Find the O.N change of any element by: For example, O.N change of S = [0 – (--2)] X 1 = +2 O.N change of Br = [–1 – 0] X 2 = –2                             

 List of Countries Consuming Maximum and Minimum Toxins in Food Eating habits and the consumption of toxins can vary widely among different countries and cultures. Some countries and cultures may have diets that are higher in toxins due to factors such as food processing methods, agricultural practices, and dietary choices. Humans can consume some common types of toxins found in food which include: Pesticide Residues: Chemicals used to kill pests on crops can sometimes remain as residues on fruits, vegetables, and grains, which can be consumed by humans. Heavy Metals: Contaminants like lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic can enter the food chain through water, soil, and industrial pollution. Seafood, especially large fish, can sometimes contain elevated levels of mercury. Mycotoxins: These are toxins produced by certain fungi that can grow on crops like grains, nuts, and spices, especially under conditions of poor storage and high humidity. Examples include aflatoxins and ochr